The Gaines County Museum showcases the history of this agricultural and petroleum-producing county, depicting the stories of five major cultures that contributed to it: Comanches; early Anglo pioneers; Hispanics; Black Americans from whom the city of Seminole derived its name; and the German-speaking community (Mennonites).

The museum showcases iron artifacts, blacksmithing equipment, saddles and other household items used by early Texas pioneers. Visitors are also presented with the history of a 1935 oil field discovery.